Center of Gravity (CG)
Gravity is the pulling force that tends to draw all bodies within the earth’s gravitational field to the center of the earth. The CG may be considered the point at which all the weight of the aircraft is concentrated. If the aircraft were supported at its exact CG, it would balance in any position. CG is of major importance in an aircraft, for its position has a great bearing upon stability.
The CG is determined by the general design of the aircraft. The designers estimate how far the CP travels. They then fix the CG in front of the CP for the corresponding flight speed in order to provide an adequate restoring moment for flight equilibrium.
The Axis of an Aircraft
Whenever an aircraft changes its attitude in flight, it must turn about one or more of three axis. Figure 2-10 shows the three axes, which are imaginary lines passing through the center of the aircraft.

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